I’ve been in that exact situation, and I can tell you it’s not a one-size-fits-all journey. What helped us was starting small instead of trying to rebuild everything at once. We picked one application that had clear business value but wasn’t mission critical, and used it as a pilot project. By doing that, we figured out the right balance between refactoring old code and replacing parts entirely. One huge lesson: don’t underestimate the importance of involving business stakeholders early, because modernization isn’t just about tech, it’s about aligning with how the company works today. A lot of good insights on structuring this transition come from resources like Blackthorn Vision https://blackthorn-vision.com/, which covers not just the technical side but also organizational strategies. In my experience, the hardest part is convincing management that gradual wins are better than massive risky overhauls. Once they saw incremental improvements—like reduced downtime and faster feature releases—they became much more supportive.